• Persistent sadness or low mood

• Excessive worry or anxiety

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

• Changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or oversleeping)

• Changes in appetite or weight

• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

• Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness

• Irritability or mood swings

• Fatigue or low energy

• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

• Restlessness

• Excessive worry

• Fatigue

• Difficulty Concentrating

• Irritability

• Muscle Tension

• Sleep Disturbances

• Panic Attacks

• Avoidance Behavior

• Increased energy and activity levels

• Elevated mood or euphoria

• Decreased need for sleep

• Racing thoughts or rapid speech

• Distractibility

• Impulsivity or poor judgment

• Feelings of grandiosity or inflated self-esteem

• Irritability or aggression

• Sadness or hopelessness during depressive episodes

• Fatigue or low energy

• Changes in appetite or weight

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

• Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, easily distracted.

• Hyperactivity-Impulsivity: Fidgeting, excessive talking, impulsive decision-making.

• Can present as predominantly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined type.

2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

• Persistent pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures.

• Frequent temper outbursts, arguing, and refusal to comply.

• Not aggressive or violating others’ rights (unlike conduct disorder).

3. Conduct Disorder (CD)

• More severe than ODD, involving violations of social norms and the rights of others.

• Aggression toward people or animals.

• Property destruction, deceitfulness, theft.

• Serious rule violations (e.g., skipping school, running away).

• Can progress to Antisocial Personality Disorder in adulthood.

4. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

• Severe, recurrent temper outbursts (verbal or physical) that are out of proportion.

• Chronic irritability and anger between outbursts.

• Diagnosed in children (ages 6-18) to differentiate from bipolar disorder.

5. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

• Episodes of impulsive aggression (verbal or physical) that are out of proportion.

• Anger outbursts occur suddenly and without significant provocation.

• Individual may feel remorse or distress afterward.

6. Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD)

• Repetitive, purposeless movements (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking, head-banging).

• Can lead to self-injury.

• Common in individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions.

7. Impulse-Control Disorders (Various Types)

• Kleptomania: Recurrent urge to steal objects without need for them.

• Pyromania: Compulsive urge to set fires for pleasure or relief.

• Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder): Recurrent hair-pulling leading to hair loss.

• Excoriation Disorder (Skin-Picking Disorder): Persistent skin-picking causing damage.

1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

• Excessive alcohol consumption leading to dependence and impairment.

• Withdrawal symptoms include tremors, sweating, seizures, and delirium tremens (DTs).

2. Opioid Use Disorder

• Misuse of prescription opioids (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone) or illicit opioids (e.g., heroin, fentanyl).

• High risk of overdose and respiratory depression.

3. Stimulant Use Disorder

• Includes cocaine and amphetamine-type substances (e.g., methamphetamine, Adderall misuse).

• Symptoms: hyperactivity, paranoia, aggression, cardiovascular issues.

4. Cannabis Use Disorder

• Impaired control over marijuana use despite negative consequences.

• Withdrawal symptoms: irritability, insomnia, anxiety, appetite changes.

5. Hallucinogen Use Disorder

• Use of substances like LSD, psilocybin (mushrooms), PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly).

• May cause persistent hallucinations or paranoia.

6. Inhalant Use Disorder

• Misuse of volatile substances (e.g., glue, paint thinners, nitrous oxide).

• Can cause neurological damage and sudden death.

7. Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder

• Misuse of benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Valium) or barbiturates.

• Risk of overdose, respiratory depression, withdrawal seizures.

8. Tobacco Use Disorder

• Chronic nicotine dependence (cigarettes, vapes, chewing tobacco).

• Withdrawal symptoms: irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating.

9. Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder

• Covers substances that don’t fit into the above categories but cause similar impairment.

1. Depressive Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

• Persistent depressed mood and/or loss of interest in activities.

• Symptoms (for at least 2 weeks):

  • Fatigue, sleep changes, weight/appetite changes.

  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

  • Difficulty concentrating, suicidal thoughts.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) (Dysthymia)

• Chronic low-grade depression lasting 2+ years (1 year in children/adolescents).

• Less severe than MDD but longer-lasting.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

• Diagnosed in children (ages 6–18).

• Severe temper outbursts (verbal or behavioral) that are out of proportion.

• Chronic irritability between outbursts.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

• Severe mood swings, irritability, and depression symptoms before menstruation.

• Symptoms improve after menstruation begins.

Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder

• Depression triggered by substance use or withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, opioids).

Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

• Depression caused by a medical illness (e.g., hypothyroidism, stroke, Parkinson’s disease).

2. Bipolar and Related Disorders

Bipolar I Disorder

• At least one manic episode (lasting at least 7 days or requiring hospitalization).

• May have depressive episodes but not required for diagnosis.

• Symptoms: Euphoric or irritable mood, increased energy, impulsivity, decreased need for sleep.

Bipolar II Disorder

• At least one hypomanic episode (less severe than mania, lasting at least 4 days).

• At least one major depressive episode.

• No history of full manic episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

• Chronic mood swings between mild depression and hypomania for 2+ years.

• Symptoms never meet full criteria for major depression or mania.

Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar symptoms triggered by substance use or withdrawal.

Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

• Bipolar symptoms caused by a medical illness (e.g., multiple sclerosis, stroke, Cushing’s disease).